2025年4月18日 星期五

福音原則第17章單字表

英文字詞KK 音標字詞原形詞性 (繁體中文)中文翻譯(《福音原則》第 17 章)難度等級
apostasy[əˈpɑ​stə​si]apostasy名詞叛教、背道B2
authority[əˈθɔ​rə​ti]authority名詞權柄、權威B2
confusion[kənˈfju​ʒən]confusion名詞混亂B2
corrupt[kəˈrʌpt]corrupt形容詞腐敗的、被篡改的B2
disappear[ˌdɪ​səˈpɪr]disappear動詞消失、不復存在B2
dispensation[ˌdɪs​pənˈse​ʃən]dispensation名詞(福音)世代、施予B2
doctrine[ˈdɑk​trɪn]doctrine名詞教義B2
establish[ɪˈstæb​lɪʃ]establish動詞建立、確立B2
evil[ˈi​vəl]evil形容詞邪惡的B1
gospel[ˈɡɑs​pəl]gospel名詞福音B1
heavenly[ˈhɛ​vən​li]heavenly形容詞屬天的、天上的B2
holy[ˈhoʊ​li]holy形容詞神聖的B1
minister[ˈmɪ​nɪ​stɚ]minister動詞施行、服事B2
organization[ˌɔr​ɡən​əˈze​ʃən]organization名詞組織、編制B2
persecute[ˈpɝ​sɪˌkju​t]persecute動詞迫害B2
persecution[ˌpɝ​sɪˈkju​ʃən]persecution名詞迫害B2
prophet[ˈprɑ​fɪt]prophet名詞先知B2
reformer[rɪˈfɔr​mɚ]reformer名詞改革者B2
reformation[ˌrɛ​fɚˈme​ʃən]reformation名詞改革、復興B2
revelation[ˌrɛ​vəˈle​ʃən]revelation名詞啟示B2
restore[rɪˈstɔr]restore動詞復興、恢復B2
restoration[ˌrɛ​stəˈre​ʃən]restoration名詞復興、復原B2
righteous[ˈraɪ​tʃəs]righteous形容詞公義的、正直的B2
scripture[ˈskrɪp​tʃɚ]scripture名詞經文B2
seek[sik]seek動詞尋求、探索B1
testimony[ˈtɛs​təˌmoʊ​ni]testimony名詞見證B2
truth[truθ]truth名詞真理B1
vision[ˈvɪ​ʒən]vision名詞異象、異夢B2
wicked[ˈwɪ​kɪd]wicked形容詞邪惡的、不義的B2

2025年4月11日 星期五

福音原則第16章單字表

英文字詞KK 音標字詞原形詞性 (繁體中文)中文翻譯 (取自《福音原則》中文版)難度等級
apostasy[əˈpɑ.stə.si]apostasy名詞叛教、背道B2
authority[əˈθɔr.ə.ti]authority名詞權柄、權威B2
authorize[ˈɔ.θə.raɪz]authorize動詞授權、批准B2
covenant[ˈkʌv.ə.nənt]covenant名詞聖約B2
direction[dəˈrɛk.ʃən]direct名詞指示、領導B2
established[ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt]establish動詞 (過去分詞)建立、確立B2
existence[ɪɡˈzɪs.təns]exist名詞存在B2
foundation[faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən]found名詞根基、基礎B2
guidance[ˈɡaɪ.dəns]guide名詞 (由動詞衍生)指引、引導B2
knowledge[ˈnɑ.lɪdʒ]knowledge名詞知識B1
message[ˈmɛs.ɪdʒ]message名詞訊息、信息B1/B2
missionary[ˈmɪʃ.ən.ɛr.i]missionary名詞/形容詞傳教士;傳教的B2
necessary[ˈnɛs.ə.ser.i]necessary形容詞必要的B1/B2
ordinance[ˈɔr.dɪ.nəns]ordinance名詞教儀、聖禮B2
organized[ˈɔr.ɡə.naɪzd]organize動詞 (過去分詞)組織、建立B2
priesthood[ˈpristhʊd]priesthood名詞聖職(神職權能)B2
proclaim[proʊˈkleɪm]proclaim動詞宣告、宣揚B2
prophet[ˈprɑ.fɪt]prophet名詞先知B1/B2
quorum[ˈkwɔr.əm]quorum名詞定額組、法定人數 (常指教會組織)B2
restoration[ˌrɛs.təˈreɪ.ʃən]restore名詞復興、復原B2
revelation[ˌrɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən]reveal名詞啟示B2

2025年4月4日 星期五

福音原則第15章單字表

 

英文字詞KK 音標字詞原形詞性 (繁體中文)中文翻譯 (取自《福音原則》中文版)難度等級
abrahamic[ˌeɪ.brəˈhæm.ɪk]abrahamic形容詞亞伯拉罕(約)的;與亞伯拉罕相關的B2
adopt[əˈdɑpt]adopt動詞領受、採納(如領受聖約)B1/B2
bond[bɑnd]bond名詞聯結、羈絆B2
choose[tʃuz]choose動詞選擇B1
commandment[kəˈmænd.mənt]commandment名詞誡命B2
covenant[ˈkʌv.ə.nənt]covenant名詞聖約B2
descend[dɪˈsɛnd]descend動詞傳承、為…的後裔B2
descendant[dɪˈsɛn.dənt]descendant名詞後裔、子孫B2
entire[ɪnˈtaɪr]entire形容詞全部的、整個的B2
establish[ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ]establish動詞建立、確立B2
gather[ˈgæð.ɚ]gather動詞聚集、召集B2
gentile[ˈdʒɛn.taɪl]gentile名詞/形容詞外邦人(的)B2
heritage[ˈhɛr.ɪ.tɪdʒ]heritage名詞遺產、傳承B2
house[haʊs]house名詞家、家族(如「以色列家」)B1
inherit[ɪnˈhɛr.ɪt]inherit動詞繼承B2
lineage[ˈlɪn.i.ɪdʒ]lineage名詞血統、家系B2
patriarch[ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑrk]patriarch名詞家長、族長B2
peculiar[pɪˈkju.li.ɚ]peculiar形容詞特別的、獨特的B2
promise[ˈprɑ.mɪs]promise名詞/動詞應許;承諾B1
scattered[ˈskæt.ɚd]scatter形容詞 (過去分詞)被分散的、散落的B2
unify[ˈju.nə.faɪ]unify動詞統一、使一致B2
unity[ˈju.nə.ti]unity名詞團結、合一B2

2025年3月28日 星期五

福音原則第14章單字表

 

英文字詞KK 音標字詞原形詞性 (繁體中文)中文翻譯 (取自《福音原則》中文版)難度等級
aaronic[eɪˈrɑ.nɪk]aaronic形容詞亞倫聖職的B2
administer[ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɚ]administer動詞執行、施行(聖職管理或服務)B2
bishop[ˈbɪʃ.əp]bishop名詞主教B2
bishopric[ˈbɪʃ.əp.rɪk]bishopric名詞主教團B2
branch[bræntʃ]branch名詞支會(小型教區)B2
counselor[ˈkaʊn.səl.ɚ]counselor名詞輔理領袖、顧問B2
deacon[ˈdi.kən]deacon名詞執事(亞倫聖職等級之一)B2
district[ˈdɪs.trɪkt]district名詞區(地區組織)B2
duty[ˈdu.t̬i]duty名詞職責、義務B2
elder[ˈɛl.dɚ]elder名詞長老(麥基洗德聖職等級之一)B2
function[ˈfʌŋk.ʃən]function名詞功能、職能B2
high priest[haɪ prist]high priest名詞大祭司(麥基洗德聖職階層)B2
leadership[ˈli.dɚ.ʃɪp]leadership名詞領導、領導職能B2
melchizedek[mɛlˈkɪz.ɪ.dɛk]melchizedek形容詞/名詞麥基洗德聖職(的)B2
ordination[ˌɔr.dənˈeɪ.ʃən]ordain名詞按立(授職)B2
organizational[ˌɔr.ɡən.əˈzeɪ.ʃən.əl]organization形容詞組織的B2
presidency[ˈprɛz.ə.dən.si]presidency名詞主席團B2
preside[prɪˈzaɪd]preside動詞主持、領導B2
quorum[ˈkwɔr.əm]quorum名詞定額組(如長老定額組、知識助理組等)B2
stake[steɪk]stake名詞支聯會(大型教區)B2
supervise[ˈsu.pɚ.vaɪz]supervise動詞監督、管理B2
teacher[ˈti.tʃɚ]teacher名詞教師(亞倫聖職等級之一)B2
ward[wɔrd]ward名詞支會(教區)B2

2025年3月21日 星期五

福音原則第13章:聖職-單字表

 

英文字詞KK 音標字詞原形詞性 (繁體中文)中文翻譯 (取自《福音原則》中文版)難度等級
accountable[əˈkaʊn.tə.bəl]accountable形容詞需負責的B2
administer[ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɚ]administer動詞執行、施行(聖職相關的管理或服務)B2
appointment[əˈpɔɪnt.mənt]appoint名詞任命、指派B2
authority[əˈθɔr.ə.ti]authority名詞權柄、權威B2
confer[kənˈfɝ]confer動詞授予(聖職或權柄)B2
conferral[kənˈfɝr.əl]confer名詞授與、賦予(權柄、責任)B2
delegate[ˈdɛl.ə.ɡeɪt]delegate動詞委派、授權B2
delegation[ˌdɛl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən]delegate名詞委任、授權之行為/團體B2
duty[ˈdu.t̬i]duty名詞職責、義務B1/B2
faithful[ˈfeɪθ.fəl]faithful形容詞忠信的、忠實的B2
function[ˈfʌŋk.ʃən]function名詞/動詞功能、發揮作用B2
govern[ˈɡʌv.ɚn]govern動詞管理、治理B2
officiate[oʊˈfɪʃ.i.eɪt]officiate動詞主持(儀式)、執行(職責)B2
ordain[ɔrˈdeɪn]ordain動詞按立、授予聖職B2
ordinance[ˈɔr.dən.əns]ordinance名詞教儀、聖禮(如洗禮、聖餐等)B2
ordination[ˌɔr.dənˈeɪ.ʃən]ordain名詞按立典禮、授職B2
power[ˈpaʊ.ɚ]power名詞權能、力量B1/B2
preside[prɪˈzaɪd]preside動詞主持、領導(會議、組織等)B2
presidency[ˈprɛz.ɪ.dən.si]presidency名詞主席團、領導職位B2
priesthood[ˈpristhʊd]priesthood名詞聖職、祭司職(神聖權能)B2
qualification[ˌkwɑ.lɪ.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən]qualify名詞資格、條件B2
quorum[ˈkwɔr.əm]quorum名詞定額組(教會中常指定額組成的長老組織)B2
representative[ˌrɛp.rɪˈzɛn.tə.tɪv]represent名詞/形容詞代表(的)B2
responsibility[rɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti]responsible名詞責任、職責B2
righteousness[ˈraɪ.tʃəs.nəs]righteous名詞正直、公義B2
service[ˈsɝ.vɪs]serve名詞服務、服事B1/B2
set apart[sɛt əˈpɑrt]set apart片語動詞指定、特別分別(用於聖職、呼召等)B2
stewardship[ˈstu.dɚd.ʃɪp]steward名詞管理職責、管家職分B2

2025年3月15日 星期六

動詞、形容詞、副詞也可以有它們的補語,這些補語並非用來修飾的副詞或副詞片語。

除了主詞和受詞補語外,動詞、形容詞、副詞也可以有它們的補語。這些動詞、形容詞、副詞的補語並非修飾用的副詞或副詞片語,而是補充動詞、形容詞、副詞不足且必要的資訊。


但是在句型和文法分析的時候,我會把它們都視為是副詞,不論它們用來補足必要資訊,或額外的修飾。


In addition to subject complements and object complements, are there any other complements?

ChatGPT 說:

Yes! In addition to subject complements and object complements, there are other types of complements in English grammar. Here are the main types:

1. Subject Complement

  • A subject complement follows a linking verb and describes or renames the subject.

  • Types: Predicate nominative (noun) or predicate adjective.

  • Examples:

    • She is a doctor. (Predicate nominative)

    • The sky looks blue. (Predicate adjective)

2. Object Complement

  • An object complement follows a direct object and modifies or renames it.

  • Types: Noun, adjective, or infinitive phrase.

  • Examples:

    • They elected him president. (Noun)

    • She painted the room blue. (Adjective)

    • I consider him to be trustworthy. (Infinitive phrase)

3. Verb Complement

  • A verb complement is necessary to complete the meaning of a verb. Some verbs require additional phrases to make sense.

  • Types: Direct object, indirect object, infinitive phrase, gerund phrase, prepositional phrase.

  • Examples:

    • She wants to leave. (Infinitive phrase)

    • He enjoys reading books. (Gerund phrase)

    • They talked about the plan. (Prepositional phrase)

4. Prepositional Complement (Object of a Preposition)

  • A prepositional complement follows a preposition to complete its meaning.

  • Types: Noun or pronoun, gerund phrase, noun clause.

  • Examples:

    • He is afraid of spiders. (Noun)

    • She insisted on going. (Gerund phrase)

    • They talked about what happened. (Noun clause)

5. Adjective Complement

  • An adjective complement completes the meaning of an adjective by providing necessary information.

  • Types: Infinitive phrase, prepositional phrase, noun clause.

  • Examples:

    • I am happy to help. (Infinitive phrase)

    • She is afraid of the dark. (Prepositional phrase)

    • He was uncertain whether to go. (Noun clause)

6. Noun Complement (Appositive or Clause)

  • A noun complement adds extra information to a noun.

  • Types: Appositive (renaming the noun) or noun clause.

  • Examples:

    • The fact that he lied upset her. (Noun clause)

    • My friend, a talented musician, played the piano. (Appositive)

Conclusion

In addition to subject and object complements, we also have verb complements, prepositional complements, adjective complements, and noun complements. Each type helps complete the meaning of different parts of a sentence.

你說:

Can we consider verb complements and adjective complements adverbs or adverbial phrases?

ChatGPT 說:

Good question! While verb complements and adjective complements can sometimes resemble adverbs or adverbial phrases, they are not always the same. Let's clarify their roles.


1. Can Verb Complements Be Considered Adverbs?

Not exactly. Verb complements are essential to complete the meaning of a verb, while adverbs modify a verb but are not essential.

Key Differences:

  • Verb complements complete a verb’s meaning; removing them makes the sentence incomplete or ungrammatical.

  • Adverbs provide extra information about a verb, answering questions like how, when, where, or why, but they are not required for grammaticality.

Example of Verb Complements (Not Adverbs):

  • He wants to leave. (Infinitive phrase = verb complement; without it, "He wants" is incomplete.)

  • She enjoys reading books. (Gerund phrase = verb complement; without it, "She enjoys" is incomplete.)

Example of Adverbs (Not Verb Complements):

  • He left quickly. ("Quickly" modifies "left" but is not required for the sentence to be complete.)

  • She reads books often. ("Often" modifies "reads" but is optional.)

📌 Conclusion: Verb complements are necessary for a verb’s meaning, while adverbs are optional modifiers.


2. Can Adjective Complements Be Considered Adverbs?

Not really. Adjective complements complete an adjective’s meaning, while adverbs modify adjectives but do not complete them.

Key Differences:

  • Adjective complements provide necessary information to complete an adjective.

  • Adverbs modify adjectives but are optional.

Example of Adjective Complements (Not Adverbs):

  • He is afraid of the dark. (Prepositional phrase = adjective complement; "afraid" needs more information.)

  • She is happy to help. (Infinitive phrase = adjective complement; "happy" needs an explanation.)

Example of Adverbs Modifying Adjectives (Not Complements):

  • He is extremely afraid. ("Extremely" modifies "afraid" but is optional.)

  • She is very happy. ("Very" modifies "happy" but is optional.)

📌 Conclusion: Adjective complements are essential for completing the adjective’s meaning, while adverbs just modify adjectives.


Final Answer

  • Verb complements and adjective complements are NOT adverbs or adverbial phrases.

  • Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, but complements complete meaning.

  • The key distinction: Complements are necessary; adverbs are optional.