《Writing to Learn》的翻譯和句型分析進度

 《Writing to Learn》 

1. 本書的作者的序言第1-6段，翻譯和句型分析已完成。第1~33句。
2. 本書的作者的序言第7-8段，翻譯和句型分析已完成。第34~46句。
3. 本書的作者的序言第9-10段，翻譯和句型分析已完成。第47~56句。
4. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第1-5段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第57~91句。
5. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第6-8段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第92~110句。
6. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第9-10段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第111~123句。
7. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第11-12段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第124~135句。
8. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第13-14段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第136~146句。
9. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第15-16段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第147~155句。
10. Chapter 1 Hermes and the Periodic Table，第17-18段翻譯和句型分析已完成。第156~168句。

舊約約翰福音1:1-51英中對照及ChatGPT 講解

 

1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
   太初有道，道與神同在，道就是神。

2. The same was in the beginning with God.
   這道太初與神同在。

3. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
   萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。

4. In him was life; and the life was the light of men.
   生命在他裡頭，這生命就是人的光。

5. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.
   光照在黑暗裡，黑暗卻不接受光。

6. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.
   有一個人，是從神那裡差來的，名叫約翰。

7. The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe.
   這人來，為要作見證，就是為光作見證，叫眾人因他可以信。

8. He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light.
   他不是那光，乃是要為光作見證。

9. That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.
   那光是真光，照亮一切生在世上的人。

10. He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not.
    他在世界，世界也是藉著他造的，世界卻不認識他。

11. He came unto his own, and his own received him not.
    他到自己的地方來，自己的人倒不接待他。

12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:
    凡接待他的，就是信他名的人，他就賜他們權柄，作神的兒女。

13. Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
    這等人不是從血氣生的，不是從情慾生的，也不是從人意生的，乃是從神生的。

14. And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
    道成了肉身，住在我們中間，充充滿滿的有恩典有真理。我們也見過他的榮光，正是父獨生子的榮光。

15. John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me.
    約翰為他作見證，喊著說：這就是我曾說：那在我以後來的，反成了在我以前的，因他本來在我以前。

16. And of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace.
    從他豐滿的恩典裡，我們都領受了，而且恩上加恩。

17. For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.
    律法本是藉著摩西傳的；恩典和真理都是由耶穌基督來的。

18. No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.
    從來沒有人看見神，只有在父懷裡的獨生子將他表明出來。

19. And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?
    約翰所作的見證記在下面：猶太人從耶路撒冷差祭司和利未人到約翰那裡，問他說：你是誰？

20. And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ.
    他就明說，並不隱瞞，明說：我不是基督。

21. And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No.
    他們又問他說：這樣，你是誰呢？是以利亞嗎？他說：我不是。是那先知嗎？他回答說：不是。

22. Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?
    於是他們說：你到底是誰，叫我們好回覆差我們來的人。你自己說，你是誰？

23. He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.
    他說：我就是那在曠野有人聲喊著說：修直主的道路，正如先知以賽亞所說的。

24. And they which were sent were of the Pharisees.
    那些人是法利賽人差來的（或作：那差來的是法利賽人）；

25. And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet?
    他們就問他說：你既不是基督，不是以利亞，也不是那先知，為什麼施洗呢？

26. John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not;
    約翰回答說：我是用水施洗，但有一位站在你們中間，是你們不認識的，

27. He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose.
    就是那在我以後來的，我給他解鞋帶也不配。

28. These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.
    這是在約但河外伯大尼（有古卷：伯大巴喇），約翰施洗的地方作的見證。

29. The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.
    次日，約翰看見耶穌來到他那裡，就說：看哪，神的羔羊，除去（或作：背負）世人罪孽的！

30. This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me.
    這就是我曾說：有一位在我以後來、反成了在我以前的，因他本來在我以前。

31. And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.
    我先前不認識他，如今我來用水施洗，為要叫他顯明給以色列人。

32. And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him.
    約翰又作見證說：我曾看見聖靈，彷彿鴿子從天降下，住在他的身上。

33. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.
    我先前不認識他，只是那差我來用水施洗的、對我說：你看見聖靈降下來，住在誰的身上，誰就是用聖靈施洗的。

34. And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.
    我看見了，就證明這是神的兒子。

35. Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples;
    再次日，約翰同兩個門徒站在那裡。

36. And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God!
    他見耶穌行走，就說：看哪！這是神的羔羊！

37. And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
    兩個門徒聽見他的話，就跟從了耶穌。

38. Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou?
    耶穌轉過身來，看見他們跟著，就問他們說：你們要什麼？他們說：拉比，在哪裡住？（拉比翻出來就是夫子。）

39. He saith unto them, Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour.
    耶穌說：你們來看。他們就去看他在哪裡住，這一天便與他同住；那時約有申正了。

40. One of the two which heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother.
    聽見約翰的話跟從耶穌的那兩個人，一個是西門彼得的兄弟安得烈。

41. He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ.
    他先找著自己的哥哥西門，對他說：我們遇見彌賽亞了。（彌賽亞翻出來就是基督。）

42. And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone.
    於是領他去見耶穌。耶穌看著他，說：你是約翰的兒子西門（約翰在馬太16：17稱約拿），你要稱為磯法。（磯法翻出來就是彼得。）

43. The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me.
    又次日，耶穌想要往加利利去，遇見腓力，就對他說：來跟從我吧。

44. Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter.
    這腓力是伯賽大人，和安得烈、彼得同城。

45. Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
    腓力找著拿但業，對他說：摩西在律法上所寫的和眾先知所記的那一位，我們遇見了，就是約瑟的兒子拿撒勒人耶穌。

46. And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see.
    拿但業對他說：拿撒勒還能出什麼好的嗎？腓力說：你來看！

47. Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile!
    耶穌看見拿但業來，就指著他說：看哪，這是個真以色列人，他心裡是沒有詭詐的。

48. Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee.
    拿但業對耶穌說：你從哪裡知道我呢？耶穌回答說：腓力還沒有招呼你，你在無花果樹底下，我就看見你了。

49. Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel.
    拿但業說：拉比，你是神的兒子，你是以色列的王！

50. Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these.
    耶穌對他說：因為我說在無花果樹底下看見你，你就信嗎？你將要看見比這更大的事；

51. And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.
    又說：我實實在在的告訴你們，你們將要看見天開了，神的使者上去下來在人子身上。

52. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.
    光照在黑暗裡，黑暗卻不接受光。

53. This phrase is from the Bible, specifically the Gospel of John, Chapter 1, Verse 5 (John 1:5). It is part of the introduction to the Gospel, often referred to as the Prologue of John. Here's a breakdown of the meaning:
    這句話出自《聖經》，特別是《約翰福音》第 1 章第 5 節（約翰福音 1:5）。它是福音簡介的一部分，通常被稱為約翰序言。以下是其意義的細分：

54. "And the light shineth in darkness;" - In the context of the Gospel, "the light" symbolizes Jesus Christ, who is presented as the embodiment of divine truth and revelation. "Shineth" indicates that this light is continuous and enduring. "In darkness" refers to the world, which is often depicted as a place of ignorance, sin, and separation from God.
    「光明在黑暗中閃耀；」 - 在福音中，「光」象徵耶穌基督，他被視為神聖真理和啟示的化身。 「照耀」表示這光是連續的、持久的。 「在黑暗中」指的是這個世界，這個世界經常被描述為一個無知、罪惡和與上帝分離的地方。

55. "And the darkness comprehended it not." - The word "comprehended" here can be understood in two ways: as "understood" or "overcome." The original Greek word used is "κατέλαβεν" (katalaben), which carries both meanings. In this context:
    “而黑暗卻無法理解它。” - 這裡的「理解」一詞可以有兩種理解：「理解」或「克服」。使用的原始希臘文是“κατέλαβεν”（katalaben），它有兩種意義。在這種情況下：

56. Understood: The darkness (symbolizing ignorance and evil) did not understand or recognize the light. This suggests that those who are in spiritual darkness do not grasp the significance of Jesus' teachings and divine nature.
    理解：黑暗（象徵無知和邪惡）不理解或認識光。這顯示那些處於精神黑暗的人不明白耶穌的教導和神性的意義。

57. Overcome: The darkness could not overcome or extinguish the light. Despite the presence of evil and sin, the divine light of Christ remains triumphant and undiminished.
    克服：黑暗無法戰勝或熄滅光明。儘管存在邪惡和罪惡，基督的神聖之光仍然勝利且不減。

58. The verse conveys the idea that the divine light (Jesus) shines continuously despite the presence of darkness (evil and ignorance), and the darkness neither understands nor overpowers this light. It highlights the victory and persistence of divine truth and goodness amidst a world of sin and ignorance這節經文傳達了這樣的想法：儘管存在著黑暗（邪惡和無知），神聖之光（耶穌）仍不斷閃耀，而黑暗既不理解也不壓倒這光。它強調了神聖真理和良善在罪惡和無知的世界中的勝利和堅持。

打臉神曲《玻璃心》3天點擊破500萬！「打臉藝術」市場暴漲！習近平要自我「有序替換」？

 打臉神曲《玻璃心》3天點擊破500萬！「打臉藝術」市場暴漲！習近平要自我「有序替換」？

拒喊「我是中國人」遭大陸節目針對 陳芳語《玻璃心》重擊小粉紅

白晉維國中三年成績優異獲市長獎和父母及弟弟合照(會考英文A++)

 

Comparing animal and plant cells

 Comparing animal and plant cells

So let's play a game of Spot the Difference.
Now, if you were asked to spot the difference between these two pictures, you'd probably laugh and say, "That's too easy."
Because it's obvious that this picture of a lion on the left is nowhere close to looking like the picture of a green fern plant on the right.
What's more, a lion and a fern not only look completely different, they also function differently.
But what if I told you that if we zoomed in really close and compared the lion's cells with the fern's cells, they'd actually share many similarities?
An animal cell and a plant cell have several common features as well as a few key differences.
In this video, we're going to spot the similarities and the differences between the two types of cells, and talk about their functions inside the cells.
So, first off, let's take a look at some cell models.
Here on the left is an animal cell, and on the right is a plant cell.
First, let's try and identify the things that both animal and plant cells share in common.
If you recall, both animal and plant cells have a cell membrane, which acts like a gate to control what enters and leaves the cell.
Animal cells and plant cells also have this jelly-like substance called the cytosol, which contains organelles or small compartments with specific functions inside the cell.
Animal and plant cells share several common organelles, two of which include the nucleus and the mitochondria.
The nucleus within each cell type serves as an information database to store the cell's genes, while the mitochondria act as factories to break down sugars and release energy that the cells can use.
So now that we've identified some features found in both kinds of cells, let's look closer to spot the fundamental differences between animal and plant cells.
As you can see in this diagram, plant cells have an additional layer of material that surrounds the cell membrane.
This is called a cell wall, which makes the plant cell more structured and stiff.
Think of a celery stalk compared to a raw piece of chicken or fish.
The animal muscle tissue is floppywhile the celery stalk is firm.
That's cell walls in action.
Also, plant cells have these special organelles called chloroplasts, which are what give plants, like the fern we saw, their green color.
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, which is how plants make their own food in the form of sugars.
If the word sugar rings a bell, you're on the right track because I mentioned earlier that mitochondria are responsible for breaking down sugars.
In plant cells, chloroplasts and mitochondria are like good buddies that help each other and work together.
Chloroplasts make sugars through photosynthesis and mitochondria convert the sugars into energy that, ultimately, the plant can use.
Both cell walls and chloroplasts are found in plant cells but not animal cells, such as the ones in you and me.
And luckily for you and me, this means we aren't green.
In summary, we just identified several similarities and differences in our comparison of animal and plant cells.
While both cell types have a cell membrane, cytosol, a nucleus, and mitochondria, plant cells have a cell wall that makes them stiff and rigid, think about celery stalks, and they have chloroplasts, which makes sugars and give plants their green color.
All of these are just a handful of the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.
As you go forward in your biology journey, you'll probably learn about a lot more.
But the differences that we've covered are a big part of what makes plant and animal cells so distinct and unique from each other.
These differences are why we don't see green lions that photosynthesize using chloroplasts or floppy raw veggies with cell membranes but no cell walls.
Now I hope that you have a clear understanding of the different cell parts in both animal and plant cells, and that spotting the differences between the two will be easy breezy.

Cell parts and their functions

So let's imagine this scenario.

It's cold outside and we want to make a nice hot bowl of chicken noodle soup.

Well, we'd probably need to get the ingredients first.

We need some chicken bones to give the broth that distinct chicken flavor, some noodles to add that starchy component, carrots and onions to give some sweetness and color.

And of course, salt and pepper to provide seasoning.

All of these ingredients would come together to make our chicken noodle soup the comfort food that so many people love, but this video is supposed to be about cells.

You know, those tiny things that make up all living things on earth.

So why am I telling you about chicken soup?

Well, just like how each ingredient in chicken soup adds something unique to the soup's overall flavor

and texture, a cell's different parts add something unique and necessary for the overall functioning of the cell.

So, let's take a look at some of the structures inside a cell and see how their functions come together

to allow cells to carry out all the processes of life.

So let's explore the parts of a cell starting with the cell's surface.

Cells are separated from their outside environment by a cell membrane.

You can think of the cell membrane like a fortress gate, because it regulates what comes into and out of the cell, and contained within the cell is a jelly-like substance that fills out the cell and contains its internal parts, this jelly and all the structures within it make up the cell cytoplasm.

Unlike chicken soup, the cell parts in the cytoplasm are not just floating around.

Instead, they're organized and held in place by an internal structural network.

Some of the parts contained within the cytoplasm are called organelles.

So what exactly are organelles?

Well, organelles are small compartments in the cell that have different structures and functions.

The word organelle basically means, mini organ.

And just like how our bodies are made up of different organs that work together to help us stay alive,

cells contain different organelles that work together to get things done inside the cell.

For example, these jellybean-shaped organelles here are little energy-producing factories

called mitochondria.

So mitochondria use chemical reactions to break down sugar molecules in order to release energy that the cell can use for other tasks.

Another really amazing organelle is the nucleus.

You can think of the nucleus as the information database of the cell.

It contains DNA which includes the cell's genes.

Genes are special instructions that the cell uses to carry out its functions.

Moving over to a plant cell, we can see these green organelles called chloroplasts.

You might remember that plants carry out photosynthesis.

Well, chloroplasts are the organelle's responsible for this process.

Plants need food to live, just like animals do.

And chloroplasts use photosynthesis to produce sugars that plant cells use as food.

Plant cells also have a layer outside their cell membrane called the cell wall, which helps provide structure for the cell.

So as you can see, there are so many different parts that make up a single cell.

There are many, many organelles present in cells, way more than the handful I mentioned in this video.

And what's even more mind blowing is that these diagrams are only simplified versions of what cells actually look like.

And just to give you an idea, here's a picture of what a real cell looks like.

So when we're talking about cells and using these diagrams as references, keep in mind that these pictures are only simplified models of the real thing.

To wrap up this video on cell parts, let's revisit our delicious bowl of chicken noodle soup that I mentioned at the beginning.

Each ingredient that we added had a unique function that contributed to the soup's taste and texture.

And similarly, our cell's ingredients, its organelles and structures, each contribute a unique function

that helps the cell carry out all the tasks necessary for life.

So the next time you find yourself in front of a bowl of noodle soup, just imagine that you're eating one enormous cell.

Now, isn't that something to noodle on?

Introduction to Middle school biology

Introduction to Middle School Biology

Hi, everyone. Sal Kahn here.

And welcome to Middle School Biology.

I have Iman Howard here, who manages our STEM content.

Welcome, Iman, and why should folks care about middle school biology?

Biology is the study of life.

And so, in this course, it really answers why are things the way they are, why do you look the way they do, why do I look the way I do, and how every organism on Earth has a really special purpose and a special trait.

And based on these traits, it helps them interact with their environment.

We even talk about energy.

And energy can't be created and it can't be destroyed.

It actually cycles as matter through an ecosystem.

And it even has this really cool chemical reactions called photosynthesis, where plants use light energy from the sun and they make their own food, which is insane.

I think about organisms like the gorilla that are super-big and strong and they don't go and eat a cow.

They go and eat plants because that's like getting energy right from the source.

And then finally, we talk about evolution.

Based on our traits, how have we changed over time?

And how some of our natural traits were selected by the environment that create those changes or even how humans, we have something called artificial selection, which explains why your dog's so cute.

Whether it's 100 pounds or five pounds, we did that.

What do you think's cool about it, Sal?

Oh, well, you know, biology's trying to answer, I mean, to your point, the questions of life, which we still don't understand a lot about

but like what makes us us and to realize that we don't exist as human beings in isolation.

We're part of an ecosystem.

We're part of a story, a narrative that's been going on

for millions and billions of years.

The fact that we're made up of trillions of cells, each of them with DNA that can describe who we are, how did all of this complexity come about?

This is maybe the most mind-blowing topic that we're really at just the beginning of this journey.

So I think folks are gonna be really, really excited to or it's gonna be really interesting to see all of the things that they get to learn.

Well, let's dig in.

(enthusiastic chiming)

Learning AI from scratch

ChatGPT

Learning AI from scratch can be a rewarding but complex journey. Here’s a structured roadmap to help you get started:

1. Understand the Basics

• Mathematics: Brush up on linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics. These are foundational for understanding machine learning algorithms.
• Programming: Learn a programming language commonly used in AI, such as Python. Focus on libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib for data manipulation and visualization.

2. Learn Fundamental Concepts

• Introduction to AI: Understand what AI is, its history, and its subfields (machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, etc.).
• Machine Learning: Study the basics of machine learning, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Key algorithms to learn include linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, and clustering algorithms.

3. Dive into Machine Learning

• Courses and Tutorials: Enroll in online courses. Some popular platforms are Coursera, edX, and Udacity. Recommended courses include:
  • "Machine Learning" by Andrew Ng on Coursera.
  • "Deep Learning Specialization" by Andrew Ng on Coursera.
  • "Data Science and Machine Learning Bootcamp" on Udemy.
• Books: Read foundational books such as:
  • "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" by Christopher Bishop.
  • "Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective" by Kevin Murphy.

4. Hands-on Practice

• Projects: Start with small projects to apply what you’ve learned. Some beginner projects include:
  • Predicting house prices.
  • Classifying emails as spam or not spam.
  • Handwritten digit recognition using MNIST dataset.
• Kaggle: Participate in Kaggle competitions to practice and learn from real-world datasets and problems.

5. Advanced Topics

• Deep Learning: Learn about neural networks, backpropagation, and frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch.
  • Recommended resources:
    • "Deep Learning" by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP): Study NLP techniques and libraries like NLTK, SpaCy, and Hugging Face Transformers.
  • Courses:
    • "Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning" on Coursera.
• Computer Vision: Learn about convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and image processing techniques.
  • Courses:
    • "Convolutional Neural Networks" by Andrew Ng on Coursera.

6. Specialize and Experiment

• Choose a Specialty: Depending on your interest, dive deeper into areas like reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks (GANs), or AI ethics.
• Research Papers: Read and understand current research papers from platforms like arXiv.org to stay updated with the latest advancements.

7. Build a Portfolio

• GitHub: Upload your projects and code to GitHub to showcase your work.
• Blogging: Write about your learning journey and projects to build an online presence and share knowledge.

8. Join the Community

• Networking: Join AI and machine learning communities on forums like Reddit, Stack Overflow, and LinkedIn.
• Meetups and Conferences: Attend local meetups, workshops, and conferences to network and learn from experts in the field.

9. Continuous Learning

• Stay Updated: Follow AI news, podcasts, and YouTube channels to keep up with the latest trends and technologies.
• Lifelong Learning: AI is a rapidly evolving field. Commit to continuous learning and adaptation.

By following this roadmap, you can systematically build your knowledge and skills in AI from the ground up.